Shirley 1833 – Hill Carter Article
“ACCOUNT OF THE  EMBANKMENT AND CULTIVATION OF THE SHIRLEY SWAMP.
 By HILL CARTER
The Farmers’ Register
Richmond, August 1833 
EDMUND RUFFIN,EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR
SHIRLEY, June 26th 1833.
Agreeable to your request I have examined my Journal, and find the following results from reclaiming eighty-live acres of swamp land at Shirley. The swamp was heavily covered with gum and ash trees, and overflowed twice every day by the tide water at the flood, but left free from water at the ebb tide. - The land was reclaimed in the year 1825, by contract, at the expense of $ 1.25 per running yard, for the dike, in the following manner…”
Article on Diking by Hill Carter at Shirley Plantation. A must read. Once you read this 3 page article, you understand what dikes were about.
Diagram of “trunks” to let rain water run out of the dikes.